解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The discovery of genetic caste determination (GCD) in populations of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants raises many questions about the evolution and persistence of such populations. The genetic caste determination arises from the existence of two distinct, but mutually dependent, genetic lineages within a population. Worker...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2207:bdbpra]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In large samples of trees > or = 1 cm dbh (more than 1 million trees and 3000 species), in six lowland tropical forests on three continents, we assigned species with >30 individuals to one of six classes of stature at maturity (SAM). We then compared the proportional representation of understory trees (1-2 cm dbh) amo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2298:csacot]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consequences of declining biodiversity remain controversial, in part because many studies focus on a single metric of ecosystem functioning and fail to consider diversity's integrated effects on multiple ecosystem functions. We used tide pool microcosms as a model system to show that different conclusions about th...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2397:sdenuv]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic processes to the regulation of biological populations has been a recurrent ecological issue. Recent discussions concerning ecosystem "regime shifts" again raise the question of whether population fluctuations are mainly controlled by external forcing. R...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1932:brteft]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the factors that affect the performance of plants in their natural environment, it is essential to study interactions with other neighboring plants, as well as with above- and belowground higher trophic organisms. We used a long-term field experiment to study how local plant community diversity influenced...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2002:ibsjap]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population context should influence pollination success and selection on floral display in animal-pollinated plants because attraction of pollinators depends not only on the characteristics of individual plants, but also on the attractiveness of co-occurring conspecifics. The insect-pollinated herb Primula farinosa is...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2113:fiaihw]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in ecological niche modeling (ENM) algorithms, in conjunction with increasing availability of geographic information system (GIS) data, allow species' niches to be predicted over broad geographic areas using environmental characteristics associated with point localities for a given species. Consequentl...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[29:paoteo]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tropical forests include a diversity of habitats, which has led to specialization in plants. Near Iquitos, in the Peruvian Amazon, nutrient-rich clay forests surround nutrient-poor white-sand forests, each harboring a unique composition of habitat specialist trees. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of impo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[150:tgtahs]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals can be important in nutrient cycling in particular ecosystems, but few studies have examined how this importance varies along environmental gradients. In this study we quantified the nutrient cycling role of an abundant detritivorous fish species, the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), in reservoir ecosystems...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1696:ncbfsr]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of facilitation have primarily been limited to single mechanisms, species, or environments. We examined interacting mechanisms governing the facilitative effects of Pinus flexilis on two later successional understory species, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Ribes cereum, in different microhabitats and seasons at the...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1816:fbpfds]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An individual's competitive ability is often dependent on its size, but the methods commonly used to analyze plant competition experiments generally assume that the outcome of interactions are size independent. A method for the analysis of experiments with paired competition treatments based on nonlinear regression wi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1452:anratt]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, terrestrial food web theory has been compartmentalized into interactions among aboveground or belowground communities. In this study we took a more synthetic approach to understanding food web interactions by simultaneously examining four trophic levels and investigating how nutrient (nitrogen and carbon...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1542:nstbmi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence from woodrat middens and tree rings at Dutch John Mountain (DJM) in northeastern Utah reveal spatiotemporal patterns of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) colonization and expansion in the past millennium. The DJM population, a northern outpost of pinyon, was established by long-distance dispersal (approximat...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1124:romcvi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of chronic, infectious diseases by colonizing populations (invasive or reintroduced) is a serious hazard in conservation biology, threatening the original host and other spillover species. Most research on spatial invasion of diseases has pertained to established host populations, either at steady sta...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1215:damoid]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutritional imbalances are of great interest in the ecological stoichiometry literature, in which researchers have focused almost exclusively on cases where nutrients are available in low amounts relative to energy (carbon), and animal growth is impaired due to insufficient nutrient intake. Little attention has been g...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1325:tmoagt]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the few universal themes in ecology is that resources, energy, and organisms themselves, are patchily distributed. This patchy distribution imposes a need for some level of dispersal or connectivity among spatially separate patches in order to allow organisms to acquire sufficient resources for survival. To date...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0860
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil properties are well known to affect vegetation, but the role of soil heterogeneity in the patterning of vegetation dynamics is poorly documented. We asked whether the location of an ecotone separating grass-dominated and sparsely vegetated areas reflected only historical variation in degradation or was related to...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[963:shgpvd]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This study examined N dynamics in two recently invad...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0836
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::River ecosystems are increasingly viewed as dynamic riverscapes; their extent, composition, and configuration vary in response to the pulsing of discharge. Although compositional and configurational shifts in riverscapes are thought to control ecosystem processes and biodiversity, attempts to quantify riverscape dynam...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/04-0889
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare species play limited ecological roles, but particular behavioral traits may predispose species to become functionally extinct before becoming rare. Flying foxes (Pteropodid fruit bats) are important dispersers of large seeds, but their effectiveness is hypothesized to depend on high population density that induce...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0386
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many organisms, specific predator species induce defensive phenotypes that are qualitatively different from the phenotypes induced by other predator species. This differential induction implies that there is no optimal phenotype that works best against all predators. However, few studies have actually tested the hy...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0381
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lightning fire is the dominant natural disturbance of the western mixedwood boreal forest of North America. We quantified the independent effects of weather and forest composition on lightning fire initiation (a detected and recorded fire start) patterns in Alberta, Canada, to demonstrate how these biotic and abiotic ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-1021
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A central challenge in ecology is to understand the interplay of internal and external controls on the growth of populations. We examined the effects of temporal variation in weather and spatial variation in vegetation on the strength of density dependence in populations of large herbivores. We fit three subsets of th...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0355
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that sampling variability, if not properly taken into account, affects various ecologically important analyses. Statistical inference for stochastic population dynamics models is difficult when, in addition to the process error, there is also sampling error. The standard maximum-likelihood approach su...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/04-1655
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian dispersal of seeds of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris) was studied in Mediterranean shrubland, southern Spain. Fourteen species of small frugivorous birds in the genera Sylvia, Turdus, Sturnus, and Erithacus accounted for 97.4% of the fruits consumed by birds. The significance of each bird spe...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1939863
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf dynamics, nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) changes, and retranslocation from the leaves of 13 species were investigated in four representative forest communities of the Central Himalaya, India. In evergreens of the temperate regions, with leaf longevities of several years, there is negligible movement of substances...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1939888
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated breeding bird communities of isolated woodlots (1.8-600 ha) in east-central Illinois during three summers (1979-1981) to compare the influence of area and habitat on community structure. Woodlots supported from 9 to 43 species and composition was relatively constant among years. Ecological generalists ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1939864
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most abundant elements contained in stem flow from American beech (Fagus grandifolia), red oak (Quercus rubra), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were C > K = Ca > Na = Mg = P. Variations in leaching potential and in concentration of chemical constituents around the base of beech trees, due to non-uniform stem flow...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1934160
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth and nutrient uptake of red oak seedlings were studied under conditions simulating a forest understory. The tallest seedlings grew in 30% of full light; seedlings in full light had the greatest dry weight accumulation. Seedlings in full light had an average height of 9.7 inches, and those at 30% and 10% light av...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1934157
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00